
Cortical Development | Sicily, Italy 2025
CAJAL CLUB | PAST MEETINGS | PAGE 12
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Cajal Club | Satellite Meeting | UNAHOTELS Naxos Beach, Sicily, Italy
Cortical Development
The Cortical Development Conference 2025: Neural Stem Cells to Neural Circuits took place from May 25–28 at UNAHOTELS Naxos Beach in Sicily, Italy. The ninth installment of this prestigious triennial conference united more than 200 participants worldwide to discuss recent breakthroughs in cortical development and neural circuit formation and neurodevelopmental disorder origins. The conference maintained its tradition of successful meetings in Mediterranean historical sites starting from Delphi through Santorini to Crete while creating an intimate space for dynamic exchange. The conference schedule included keynote lectures and platform talks and short presentations which were carefully designed to promote inclusivity and early-career researcher participation. The conference selected seventeen abstracts from student and postdoctoral fellow submissions to showcase their work as part of its ongoing mission to support the development of future developmental neuroscientists. The conference focused on three main areas: fundamental developmental neurobiology alongside modern techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell omics and organoid models for studying normal and abnormal brain development. The conference maintained its position as a critical networking platform for scientists to collaborate while sharing groundbreaking research findings in their field.
The Cajal Club organized a memorial lecture this year to honor Dennis D.M. O’Leary PhD who was a pioneering scientist in cortical development until his death in 2024. The scientific community recognizes O’Leary as an important researcher who established fundamental knowledge about brain patterning and connectivity while his mentoring activities continue to inspire new generations of neuroscientists. The Cajal Club recognized O’Leary as a member and past president from 2012 to 2014 while scientists admired his scientific work and his collaborative approach to teaching.
![]() Linda Richards and Debby SilverCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Chris Walsh LectureCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Debby Silver LectureCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Tom Nowakowski, O'Leary awardeeCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy |
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![]() Zoltan Molnar, Tom Nowakowski (O'Leary awardee), John Rubenstein, Flora Vaccarino, Arnold KriegsteinCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Cortical Development PosterCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Cajal club dinner, Chris Walsh, Debby Silver, Tom Nowakowski, Linda Richards, Arnold Kriegstein, ZolCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Cajal Club Lecture- Dennis O'LearyCortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy |
![]() Dennis O'Leary passingShared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Dennis O'LearyShared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Dennis O'Leary Cajal Club President 2012-2014Shared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Dennis O'Leary, Pasko Rakic, and John RubensteinShared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy |
![]() Dennis O'Leary at Cajal Club Social seated far rightShared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Cajal ClubShared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Cajal ClubShared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy | ![]() Sharon Juliano, Dennis O'Leary, Rasko Rakic, Juan Andres De Carlos, and Zoltan Molnar,Shared memory photo of O'Leary at the Cortical Development Conference, Sicily, Italy |
Cortical Development Conference 2025 | Session Summary
Session 1: Cortical Evolution
Chair: Zoltán Molnár (Oxford)
Speakers:
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Debra Silver (Durham) – The choreography of brain development: From RNA to evolution
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Pierre Vanderhaeghen (Leuven) – Mechanisms linking developmental timing and human brain evolution
Short Talks:
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Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama – Subplate Dynamics: Sculpting the Neocortex Across Evolution
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Irene Antony – Clonal Somatic Cancer Driver Mutations Are Enriched in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Brains
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Jinoh Lee – Distinct Modes of Prox1 Activity Controls Cortical Interneuron Identity
Session 2: Specification and Early Development
Chair: Shubha Tole (Mumbai)
Speakers:
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Shubha Tole (Mumbai) – Control of cell fate and morphology in the developing neocortex and hippocampus
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Sten Linnarsson (Stockholm) – Cell atlas of the developing human meninges reveals a dura origin of meningioma
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Beth Stevens (Boston) – Adolescent Development & Vulnerability: Convergent cellular and circuit maturation across species
Short Talks:
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Jonathan W.C. Lim – Nuclear factor one transcription factors regulate radial glia differentiation during early cortical development
Session 3: Disease and Therapeutics
Chair: Arnold Kriegstein (San Francisco)
Speakers:
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Keri Martinowich (Baltimore) – Spatio-molecular gene expression reflects dorsal anterior cingulate cortex structure and function in the human brain
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Giorgia Quadrato (Los Angeles) – Engineering Brain Organoids for Cell Type-Specific Neurodevelopmental Disease Modeling
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Marina Bershteyn (San Francisco) – Human GABAergic Interneuron Cell Therapy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Stefano Gustincich (Genova) – Long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) transcripts function as regulatory long non-coding RNAs
Short Talks:
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Angeliki Louvi – Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is a converging mechanism in lissencephaly spectrum disorders
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Anna Pagliaro – Human brain organoids reveal roles of ECM in directing brain expansion and regional identity
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Soraya Scuderi – Specification of multiple human brain lineages by transient exposure to orthogonal gradients of WNT and SHH in iPSC-derived organoids
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Mona Barkat – Integration of 3D-Neuronal Tissue into Traumatic Brain Injury Model
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Valerio Conti – Dissecting pathophysiological anomalies underlying the developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the stretch-activated TMEM63B channel
Session 4: Circuit Development
Chair: Carina Hanashima (Tokyo)
Speakers:
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Giulia Quattrocolo (Trondheim) – Cajal-Retzius cells in the postnatal hippocampus
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Jens Hjerling-Leffler (Stockholm) – Absence of molecular convergence among rare-variant CNV risk models for schizophrenia during adolescent brain development
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Sergiu Pasca (Stanford) – Constructing and deconstructing the human nervous system to study development and disease
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Chris Walsh (Boston) – Somatic mutations in human cerebral cortical development
Short Talks:
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Fernando Messore – A Subpopulation of layer 6 neurons drives cortical excitability and regulates anxiety behaviour
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Patrick Azzam – Abnormal persistence of thalamic-eminence derived Cajal-Retzius cells selectively alters electrophysiological properties of entorhinal pyramidal neurons
Session 5: Cortical Lineages
Chair: Aparna Bhaduri (Los Angeles)
Speakers:
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Tom Nowakowski (San Francisco) – Lineage and Circuit Mapping of Human Cortical Development
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Aparna Bhaduri (Los Angeles) – Cortical Cell Fate Regulation: The Role of Extrinsic Inputs
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Carina Hanashima (Tokyo) – Molecular and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Sensory Input Neuron Specification in the Developing Brain
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Barbara Treutlein (Zurich) – Single cell technologies to understand human brain development
Short Talks:
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Daniel Dan Liu – Dissecting Stem Cell Hierarchies in Human Brain Development
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Alexandre Jourdon – Gene regulatory networks driving brain lineages formation in human organoids across individuals
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Chen-Yu Wang – Investigating the role of transcription factor TCF4 in cortical interneuron development
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Sergi Roig-Puiggros – Transcriptional dynamics of emerging cortical areas
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Teresa Guillamón-Vivancos – Early molecular and activity-driven interactions shape sensory specificity in the developing cortex
Session 6: Modeling Cortical Development and Disease
Chair: Flora Vaccarino (New Haven)
Speakers:
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Flora Vaccarino (New Haven) – Human Somatic Mosaicism and variation between iPSC lines
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Orly Reiner (Rehovot) – When the Brain Gets Too Stiff: ECM and Nuclear Breakdown in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Short Talks:
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Ley Nadine Lacbawan – Transcriptomic Effects of Mood Stabilizing Drugs on the Gene Regulatory Network in Cell Villages of Human iPSC derived Cortical Neurons
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Riva Martina – Perinatal Cerebellar Activity Impacts Neocortical Development
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Alessandra Pierani – Bidirectional interaction between transcription and adhesion in cortical development
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Alessandro Vitriolo – Convergent dysregulations in neurodevelopmental disorders highlight a conserved gene regulatory network in early corticogenesis
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Zoltan Meszar – Ultrasound Stimulation Modulates Early Cortical and Hippocampal Development, Enhancing Transient Memory Performance